邁克·馬庫（Michal Macku）捷克藝術(shù)家 1963年出生
什么是偉大的藝術(shù)？在一無所知的情況下與它們相遇，我能識別嗎？直到前幾年偶然看見邁克·馬庫（Michal Macku）的作品，我才對自己有了信心。
我是在毫無準(zhǔn)備的情況下與他猝然相遇的。五六年前，我在網(wǎng)上閑逛，來到他的個人網(wǎng)站，立刻被這些具有強烈視覺沖擊力的圖片驚呆了，毫不猶豫地斷定這是一位大師。關(guān)于他的情況，我只知道他來自捷克的布拉格，非常年輕，1963年出生。我用中文檢索他的信息，沒有找到一條。事實上，直到現(xiàn)在，國內(nèi)對他的了解仍然少得可憐。但是馬庫開始在國際攝影界出名了，過不了多久，中國人也會熟悉他的。
視覺沖擊只是一幅好圖像的外在品質(zhì)，猶如引人入勝只是好小說的一個次要特征，最重要的是作品抵達(dá)了什么樣的精神境界。馬庫的攝影以人體為主，但與性毫無關(guān)系，畫面中的男裸體近乎標(biāo)本，細(xì)節(jié)和個性被精心忽略了，面目不是被陰影遮蔽，就是被扭曲，撕碎，難以辨認(rèn)。所以他的主角是抽象的人類。像哲學(xué)家一樣，他剝?nèi)ド畹囊粚訉觽物?，徑直來到人的本質(zhì)存在之前，探討靈與肉的沖突。
靈魂是不可見的，藝術(shù)家們總是用肉體來呈現(xiàn)靈魂的形狀。悲哀，痛苦，絕望，服從，仇恨，冷漠，愛情，權(quán)力，每一種強烈的人類情感都能找到相應(yīng)的身體姿勢。與傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)家不同，馬庫更進一步，通過攝影的后期制作，用超現(xiàn)實的方法來完成身體想像，因而他的人體總是在靈魂的拷打下遍體鱗傷，殘缺不全，達(dá)到了視覺表現(xiàn)的極致。更準(zhǔn)確的說法是，馬庫如同詩人，不是概念，而是具有無限可能性的人體，成為他的藝術(shù)語言。
馬庫表現(xiàn)了怎樣一種存在狀態(tài)呢？他們用雙手扯碎自己的頭顱，他們用十指抓破自己的面目，他們在撕開自己的胸膛，他們挖開自己的下腹，總之他們的肉體無法盛下心靈所感受到的；他們的雙手像鋼刀，深深插入其他人的肉體；他們?nèi)獠?，大腦消失了，身體還在角力；他們像樹林一樣整齊地歡呼；他們異口同聲地吶喊；他們的胳膊和大腿生長在一起，卻要奔跑；他們想要接近，卻失去了手臂；他們站在那里，頭顱無端端炸碎……
偉大的藝術(shù)必定探討最重要的問題。詩歌、哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)，它們最后都要在人類存在的荒原會合。我是什么？撕開身體，也許沒有深邃的欲望之淵，只有虛無和空白。那么，那些讓我們經(jīng)常蜷縮起身體的焦慮是什么？那些讓我們刻骨銘心、撕心裂肺、痛不欲生的體驗又有什么意義？
東歐的藝術(shù)，骨子里還相當(dāng)傳統(tǒng)，嚴(yán)肅、深沉、博大，讓我感覺親切。捷克是小國，首都布拉格也不大，2006年人口只有118萬，比廈門還小，卻是孕育了斯美塔那、德沃夏克、里爾克、卡夫卡、米蘭·昆德拉等眾多大師的城市。有時候我不免想，偉大性是不是也能在一個城市里遺傳？
年鑒
Michal Macku Biography
1963 Born on April 17 in Bruntal, Czechoslovakia
1985 Graduated from the Technological Faculty of the Polytechnic Institute in Brno
1989 Graduated from the Institute of Art Photography at Prague
1989 Created his own photographic technique, called "Gellage"
Selected Exhibitions
2006 Noble Processes, in a Digital Age, John Stevenson Gallery, New York
2006 Autopoesis, Slovak National Gallery, Bratislava, Slovakia
2006 Galerie Art Affair, Regensburg, Germany (solo)
2006 Photo Event, Turnhout, Belgium (solo)
2005 Galerie Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (solo)
2005 Gallery "pf", Poznaò, Poland (solo)
2005 Galerie Palais Breuner, Vien, Austria (solo)
2005 Mìstské divadlo Zlín, Czech Republic (solo)
2005 Státní zámek T?eboò, Czech Republic (solo)
2005 Czech Centre, Munich, Germany (solo)
2005 NEW ART Redefining ?The Photograph“ – collage, overpainting, 3-dimensions, and more, John Stevenson Gallery, New York
2005 Czech Photography of the 20th Century, The City Gallery of Prague, Prague
2004 In focus Galerie am Dom, Cologne, Germany (solo)
2004 J&T Bank, Prague, Czech Republic (solo)
2004 Dylan Thomas Centre, Swansea, UK (solo)
2004 Aberystwyth Art College, Aberystwyth, UK (solo)
2004 John Stevenson Gallery, New York (solo)
2003 Celebration of Light: Photographs from the Collection of Cherye and Jim Pierce, Honolulu Academy of Arts in Honolulu
2002 Galeria Omar Alonzo, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico (solo)
2001 FotoGaleria Teatro San Martin, Buenos Aires (solo)
2001 Estudio Lisenberg, Buenos Aires (solo)
2001 Re-presenting Representation V - Arnot Art Museum, Rockwell Museum of Western Art, New York
2000 John Stevenson Gallery, New York (solo)
2000 Optical Delusions: Jokes, Puns, and Sleights-of-Hand in Photography, The Art Institute of Chicago
2000 Tre samtida fotografer fran Tjeckien, Replica Theater and Art Center, Stockholm
2000 Akt v èeské fotografii (The Nude in Czech Photography), Císa?ská konírna Pra?ského hradu (The Imperial Stables at the Prague Castle), Prague
1999 In focus Galerie am Dom, Cologne, Germany (solo)
1999 Galerie Pennings, Eindhoven, Netherlands (solo)
1999 Czech Photography of the 1990s, The Art Institute of Chicago
1999 Video Virtuale, Foto Fictionale, Museum Ludwig, Cologne
1998 Sicherheit und Suche in der tschechischen Fotografie der neunziger Jahre, Berlin
1998 The Body in Contemporary Czech Photography, London
1998 Galerie 'U ?eèickych', Prague (solo)
1997 The Body in Contemporary Czech Photography, Macintosh Gallery, Glasgow
1996 Victor Barsokevitsch-Valokuvakeskus, Kuopio, Finland (solo)
1996 Gallery St.Gervais, Geneva (solo)
1996 Slezské muzeum, Opava, Czech Republic (solo)
1996 Galleri Karneval, Albrunna, Sweden (solo)
1996 Photoforum Feldeg, Zurich (solo)
1996 Photography Gallery, Perth, Australia (solo)
1996 Institut tvùrèí fotografie 25/5, Slezské zemské muzeum, Opava, Czech Republic
1996 Jistoty a hledání v èeské fotografii 90.let (Certainty and Searching in Czech Photography of the 1990s) Nejvy??í purkrabství Pra?ského hradu (Burgrave′s House of Prague Castle)
1995 Photogalerie Bild, Aarau, Switzerland (solo)
1994 Prague House of Photography, Prague (solo)
1994 Galerie Ambrosiana, Brno, Czech Republic (solo)
1994 After the Velvet Revolution, 15 Czech & Slovak Photographers: 4 photos each, Photography Gallery, Perth, Australia
1994 Revelations, Photographs of Male and Female Nudes, The Gallery at John Jones, London
1993 Czech Photography of the 1990s - Fotofeis, Maclaurin Art Gallery, Ayr, Scotland
1993 Galerie Aura, Olomouc, Czech Republic (solo)
1992 What′s New: Prague, The Art Institute of Chicago
1992 Galerie Bílá rù?e, Prague (solo)
1992 Galerie Caesar, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia (solo)
1992 Galerie Mladych, Brno, Czechoslovakia (solo)
1992 Umìlecká prùmyslovka, Palisády, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia (solo)
1991 Galerie pod podloubím, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia (solo)
1991 Fotografisk Galleri, Copenhagen (solo)
1991 Bilder Lust, Galerie Rhanitzgasse der Landeshauptstadt, Sachsen (traveled to Dresden;Museum Ludwig, Cologne)
1991 The Male - Contemporary Male Nude Photographs, Portfolio Gallery, London
1990 Tschechoslovakische Fotografie Des Gegenwart, Cologne (traveled to Erlangen, Metz, Lucenburg, Strassbourg, Odense, Freiburg, Barcelona, Texas, Lawrence)
1990 Robert Koch Gallery, San Francisco (solo)
1990 Kulturní Dùm, Bruntál, Czechoslovakia (solo)
1990 Galerie Centrum, Plzeò, Czechoslovakia (solo)
Public Collections
Museum Ludwig, Cologne
Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX
Museum for Fotokunst Odense, Denmark
The Royal Library of Denmark, Copenhagen
Maison Européenne de la Photographie, Paris
Harvard Visual Center, Cambridge, MA
The Art Institute of Chicago, IL
Moravská galerie v Brn, Brno, Czech Republic
Museum of Photographic Arts, San Diego, CA
